IT and Healthcare both spent around 10-11% of revenue on R&D. Every other sector was under 1%. IT total R&D grew from $70B to $81B between 2013 and 2015; Healthcare went from $46B to $54B. Higher spending did not guarantee better margins. Companies at 10%+ R&D intensity showed wide margin variance, with many near breakeven. Low R&D companies grew revenue faster on average (16% vs 13%), though that is likely a sector composition effect rather than a real tradeoff.